Paragraph writing

OR

Expansion of a given idea

INTRODUCTION

There may be a question in the composition Portion requiring candidates to expand a given idea in a paragraph of about 200 words. The questioner may set a proverb or a quotation from a great writer to be enlarge into a paragraph. Thus, candidates may be asked to expand the idea contained in the following: (a) Strike when the iron is hot: (b) Honesty is the best policy: (c) Neither a lender nor a borrower be, Or the examiner may set some such subject for expansion as "The value of tact in life", or "The sense of honour", or "Disappointment on missing a train". The student should learn the technique of expansion by practice. He should correctly read the paragraphs that follow and that contain the expansion of given objective or ideas. He should then attempt the exercises provided in the book. Some of the exercises are accompanied with hints for the guidance of the student.

Expansion means the augmentation and explanation or clarification of a given idea. For example, if the subject is "strike when the iron is hot", the student should first explain what the proverb means. It means that a man should utilize or employ an opportunity as soon it offers itself. Examples should be given to embellish the meaning of the proverb seeking a favour from a boss when he is in a praising mood, accepting a good business offer without too much thinking or delay, etc.

The paragraph may be defined as a group of sentences that are collectively inter-connected and that develop a single point or relate to a single topic. As the questioner requires students to, expand an idea in a paragraph, the student should learn the following rules of paragraph-writing.

The first and foremost rule is that it must deal with one topic or theme. Every sentence of a paragraph give to the expansion or development of one idea: there should be no deviation of any kind. Unity is thus the theme of a paragraph. 

The second condition of a paragraph writing is a logical order or development of thought. In other words, every sentence should grow out of the preceding one and there should be no abruptness or suddenness of thought anywhere. Sentence should succeed sentence in such a way that the sequence appears quite Natural to a reader. The peculiarity of a paragraph is that it is an art of progression. 

Finally, a paragraph should, as far as possible, begin with a striking sentence or, at any rate, a sentence that arouses the interest of the reader. As a common rule, the opening sentence states the theme of the paragraph. The last sentence should sum up or conclude the whole issue. 

POINTS TO REMEMBER IN PARAGRAPH WRITING 

1. Each paragraph should begin with a sentence which contains the idea that is built or decorate in the rest of the paragraph. This sentence of paragraph is called the 'topic sentence" and it provides the foundation on which to build the paragraph.

2. Every paragraph should have unity and this is provided by the way sentences stand together and add up to the main point or central thought. 

3. The order of the sentences is important; they must follow one another in a natural sequence.

4. It is very important that a paragraph should exhibit coherence. The certitude and ideas should be arranged in logical order and there should be an easy conversion from sentence to sentence. 

5. Commonly, the length of the paragraph is stated but, in any case, one is advised to avoid writing long paragraphs because then every sentence in it may not have a definite relation to the main topic. 

MAN IS A FIGHTING ANIMAL 

Christ, Buddha, and Gandhi were all great champions of peace and non violence. But the fact is that, we cannot be denied that fighting is a natural instinct in man. Human beings try to excel one another and this leads to rivalry among them. The desire to outshine others and to establish one's own superiority makes a man aggressive. Thus disputes occur over land, over woman, over money: almost every issue becomes the occasion for a quarrel or a fight. Brothers fight, neighbours fight, even complete strangers may fall out with one another and become violent. Thus in everyday of our life we read of pitched fights, murders, rioting, armed robberies, etc. It is not only individuals who fight; there are group fights; there are battles between followers of one religion and those of another. And then, of course, there are world wars. The history of our world is largely a chronicle of battles and wars. Fighting is something basic in man; something fundamental: and something in ineradicably. 

 

Topic: Climate Change

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing our planet today. The Earth's temperature has risen by 1.1 degrees Celsius since the 19th century, and is projected to rise even further in the coming decades. This warming is primarily caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The effects of climate change are far-reaching and include rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and the displacement of people and wildlife. It is essential that we take immediate action to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions and transition to renewable energy sources in order to combat this global threat.

Topic: Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing field that involves the use of computer algorithms to simulate human intelligence. This technology has the potential to revolutionize many industries, from healthcare to finance to transportation. However, it also raises important ethical questions about job displacement, privacy, and the future of human autonomy. As AI continues to advance, it will be crucial for policymakers and researchers to work together to ensure that its benefits are widely shared and its potential downsides are mitigated.

Topic: Mental Health

Mental health is a critical aspect of overall well-being that is often overlooked or stigmatized. Mental illnesses, such as depression and anxiety, affect a significant portion of the population, and can have a profound impact on an individual's daily life. It is important for people to seek help and support when they are struggling with mental health issues. Additionally, it is important for society to destigmatize mental health and provide better access to mental health services for those who need it.

Topic: Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting internet-connected systems, including hardware, software, and data, from attack, damage, or unauthorized access. In today's digital age, cybersecurity is a critical concern for businesses, governments, and individuals alike. Hackers and cybercriminals are constantly developing new methods to gain access to sensitive information and disrupt operations. It is important for organizations and individuals to take steps to secure their systems, such as regularly updating software and using strong passwords, in order to protect against cyber threats.

Topic: Renewable Energy

Renewable energy refers to energy sources that are replenished naturally and can be used indefinitely. Examples include solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass energy. These types of energy are considered to be more sustainable and environmentally friendly compared to non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels. The shift towards renewable energy is becoming increasingly important as the world looks to combat climate change and reduce its dependence on fossil fuels. Governments and private companies are investing in the research and development of new renewable energy technologies to make them more efficient and cost-effective.

Topic: Space Exploration

Space exploration is the study of outer space and the search for new knowledge about the universe. It has been a focus of human endeavor for centuries, and has led to many groundbreaking discoveries and technological advancements. The study of space has led to the development of new technologies, such as satellite communications and GPS, that have become an integral part of our daily lives. The future of space exploration holds many exciting possibilities, from the search for life on other planets to the colonization of space. However, it also raises important ethical and practical questions about the cost and feasibility of such endeavors.

Topic: Childhood Obesity

Childhood obesity is a growing health concern worldwide. It is defined as a child having too much body fat, and it is primarily caused by a lack of physical activity and unhealthy eating habits. The consequences of childhood obesity can be serious and long-lasting, including an increased risk of developing chronic health conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. To address this issue, it is important for parents and caregivers to promote healthy eating and physical activity, and for schools and communities to provide resources and opportunities for children to be active and make healthy food choices.

Topic: Animal Rights

Animal rights is the idea that animals deserve certain moral and legal protections and that it is wrong to use them for human purposes such as food, clothing, research, and entertainment. This is a highly debated topic, as some argue that animals are sentient beings that should not be used for human benefit, while others argue that humans have a right to use animals for their own needs. The animal rights movement has led to many changes in laws and policies to protect animals, such as laws against animal cruelty and the use of animals in circuses and zoos. However, there is still much work to be done to ensure that all animals are treated with respect and compassion.

Topic: Income Inequality

Income inequality refers to the unequal distribution of wealth and income within a society. It is a complex issue that has many causes, including systemic discrimination, lack of education and job opportunities, and a lack of progressive taxation. The effects of income inequality can be seen in many areas of life, including access to healthcare, education, and housing. It also has a negative impact on social cohesion and can lead to political polarization and social unrest. To address income inequality, there is a need for policies that promote economic growth and provide opportunities for all individuals to succeed, as well as progressive taxation and social safety net programs.

Topic: Immigration

Immigration is the process of moving to a foreign country to live or work. It is a complex issue that has many economic, political and social consequences. Many people choose to immigrate for a better life, escaping poverty, persecution, and war. While immigration can bring economic benefits and cultural diversity to a country, it can also lead to tension and conflict with the native population. It is important for countries to have fair and well-functioning immigration systems that take into account the needs of both immigrants and citizens. This can include measures to combat illegal immigration, while also providing a pathway to citizenship for those who contribute to society.

Topic: Education

Education is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. It is an essential aspect of personal and societal development and has a profound impact on an individual's future. Education systems vary widely around the world and range from formal schooling to informal and non-formal learning. The quality of education can have a significant impact on economic development, social mobility, and the overall well-being of individuals and society. It is important for governments and societies to invest in education, and to provide equal access to quality education for all children, regardless of their background.

Topic: Globalization

Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations. It has been driven by advances in technology, transportation, and communication and has led to the growth of international trade, the spread of ideas, and the movement of people. While globalization has brought many benefits such as increased economic growth and cultural exchange, it has also led to challenges such as job displacement, increased inequality, and cultural homogenization. As globalization continues to evolve, it will be important for governments and societies to find ways to address its negative impacts and ensure that its benefits are widely shared.

Topic: Political Polarization

Political polarization refers to the growing divide between political parties, ideologies, and individuals in a society. It is characterized by a lack of compromise and the emergence of extreme positions on both sides of the political spectrum. Political polarization can lead to a breakdown in the political process and a lack of effective governance. It can also lead to increased societal division and a lack of trust in democratic institutions. To address political polarization, it is important for individuals and leaders to engage in constructive dialogue and find common ground, as well as for media and social media platforms to promote diverse perspectives and reduce the spread of misinformation.

Topic: Gun Control

Gun control is a highly debated issue in many countries, particularly in the United States. It refers to the regulation of the sale, possession, and use of firearms. Supporters of gun control argue that stricter laws and regulations will lead to a reduction in gun violence and crime. Opponents argue that gun control measures infringe on the rights of law-abiding citizens and do not effectively address the root causes of gun violence. The debate over gun control raises important questions about the balance between individual rights and public safety, as well as the role of government in regulating firearms.

Topic: Racial Justice

Racial justice refers to the fair and equal treatment of individuals of all races. It involves addressing the systemic inequalities and injustices faced by people of color, such as racial discrimination and police brutality. The fight for racial justice has a long history and continues to be a vital social movement in many countries. It includes efforts to end institutionalized racism and discrimination, as well as to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in all aspects of society. To achieve racial justice, it is important for individuals, organizations, and governments to take action to address and dismantle the systems of oppression that have perpetuated racial inequality for generations.

Topic: Mental Health in the Workplace

Mental health in the workplace refers to the overall well-being and psychological health of employees in their work environment. It is an important and often overlooked aspect of employee well-being. Poor mental health can lead to increased absenteeism, reduced productivity, and a higher risk of burnout. Employers have a responsibility to create a positive and supportive work environment that promotes mental well-being and provides resources for employees to access help if needed. This can include offering employee assistance programs, promoting work-life balance, and providing training on mental health and well-being.

Topic: Public Health

Public health refers to the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of communities through the promotion of healthy lifestyles, the prevention and control of disease, and the management of health systems. It involves a wide range of activities including disease surveillance, health promotion, and health education. Public health is essential to ensuring the well-being of individuals and communities and is a critical component of overall social and economic development. It is important for governments, healthcare providers, and community organizations to work together to address public health issues and provide access to quality healthcare for all.

Topic: Nutrition

Nutrition refers to the intake of food, considered in relation to the body's dietary needs. It is a complex and multi-disciplinary field that encompasses the study of the biological, social, and environmental factors that influence the food choices and nutritional status of individuals and populations. Good nutrition is essential for optimal health and well-being, and is critical for the prevention of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. A balanced and varied diet, combined with regular physical activity, is the foundation of good nutrition. Governments, healthcare providers, and community organizations play an important role in promoting healthy eating habits and providing access to nutritious food.

Topic: Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying is the use of technology to harass, threaten, humiliate, or harm others. It is a growing problem among young people and can have serious consequences for the physical and mental well-being of those who are targeted. Cyberbullying can take many forms, including social media bullying, text message bullying, and email bullying. It is important for parents, educators, and community leaders to be aware of the signs of cyberbullying and to take action to prevent it. This can include educating young people about responsible online behavior, monitoring social media and internet usage, and providing support and resources for those who have been bullied.

Topic: Water Scarcity

Water scarcity refers to the lack of access to clean and safe water for drinking, agriculture, and industrial use. It is a global problem that affects billions of people, particularly in developing countries. Water scarcity is caused by a combination of factors, including population growth, climate change, and poor water management practices. It can lead to a range of negative impacts, including food insecurity, economic losses, and increased health risks. To address water scarcity, it is important for governments, organizations, and communities to invest in sustainable water management practices, improve access to clean water, and promote water conservation.

Topic: Mental Health Stigma

Mental health stigma is the negative attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that surround mental illness. It can lead to discrimination and marginalization of people who experience mental health problems. Stigma can also discourage people from seeking help and support, which can lead to delayed treatment and poorer outcomes. Mental health stigma is a complex issue that is influenced by many factors such as lack of knowledge, fear and prejudice. To address mental health stigma, it is important for individuals, organizations and governments to raise awareness about mental health issues, challenge stereotypes and discrimination, and promote social inclusion and support for people with mental health problems.

Topic: Substance Abuse

Substance abuse refers to the excessive or problematic use of legal or illegal drugs or alcohol. It can have a wide range of negative effects on an individual's physical, psychological and social well-being. Substance abuse can lead to addiction, health problems, and can also affect relationships, employment, and financial stability. Substance abuse is a complex issue that is influenced by a variety of factors such as genetics, trauma, stress, and availability of substances. To address substance abuse, it is important for individuals, organizations, and governments to provide education and prevention programs, increase access to treatment, and support research on substance abuse.

Topic: Aging Population

An aging population refers to the demographic trend of increasing life expectancy and decreasing birth rates, which leads to an older population. As people live longer and have fewer children, the proportion of older adults in the population increases. This can have a significant impact on society, as older adults may require more healthcare and social services, and may also face age-related discrimination and isolation. To address the challenges of an aging population, it is important for governments, organizations, and communities to invest in age-friendly infrastructure and services, promote active aging and social participation, and combat ageism.

Topic: Internet Privacy

Internet privacy refers to the ability of individuals to control the collection, use and dissemination of their personal information online. With the growing use of technology and the internet, individuals are increasingly concerned about their privacy and the security of their personal information. Internet privacy is a complex issue that is influenced by a variety of factors such as social media, online tracking, and data breaches. To address internet privacy, it is important for individuals to be aware of their rights and to take measures to protect their personal information, such as using privacy settings, being cautious of sharing personal information online, and using secure passwords. It is also important for governments, organizations and companies to provide transparent privacy policies and to protect individuals' personal information.