Adverb
ADVERB
An Adverb is word which qualifies, adds something to a verb or modifies the meanings of a verb an adjective or another adverb:
He moves freely.
This is a very interesting book.
He explained the matter quite clearly.
In the first sentence 'freely' modifies the verb moves. In the second sentence 'very' modifies the meaning of the adjective 'interesting'. In the third sentence (quite) modifies the meaning of the adverb 'clearly'.
Kinds of Adverb:
There are three kinds of Adverbs:
1. Simple Adverbs
2. Interrogative Adverbs
3. Relative Adverbs
1. simple Adverbs modify the meaning of the words to the words to which they are attached. Simple Adverbs are further divided into the following classes:
(i) Adverbs of Time: They show time, as:
We shall now begin a new chapter.
The train will arrive soon.
I have met him before.
Why did you arrive late?
He reaches office early.
He visits us daily.
I received your letter yesterday.
Nasima finished her work immediately.
He once met me on the way.
I took tea a few minutes ago.
(ii) Adverbs of Place: They show the place where an action takes place; as:
We went there.
The bird flew away.
I met him here.
Please come in.
She looked up.
Let us go out.
The fish swim below the surface of the water.
The police chased him everywhere.
He is standing outside.
(iii) Adverbs of Manners or Quality: They show how an action takes place; as:
She sings well.
The police beat him badly.
The tortoise walked slowly.
The baby was sleeping soundly.
Ahmed works hard.
You should not think so.
He does not speak clearly.
We were certainly disappointed.
(iv) Adverbs of Degree: They indicate degree i.e. how much? As
He is quite happy.
I scarcely attend.
He has partly completed his work.
I am rather tired.
She has washed almost all the clothes.
He is altogether misled.
We are somewhat tired.
(v) Adverb of Affirmation and Negation:
They affirm or negate the occurrence of an action:
Surely he is justified.
"Surely" is modifying the whole sentence.
You are certainly mistaken.
"Certainly" is modifying the verb "mistaken".
Perhaps we have lost the way.
He has indeed done well.
I do not like him.
(vi) Adverbs of Frequency: They show how often an action is done:
He visited me twice.
You often miss your glasses.
I frequently helped him.
She reminded me again.
He once met me on the way.
2. Interrogative Adverbs are used to ask the questions; as:
Where is your book?
When will he come?
Why did you make a noise?
Why are you so sad?
How did you solve this sum?
How many students are in the class?
3. Relative Adverbs are the same as Interrogative Adverbs but they differ from them in their function. They not only modify some words but also refer back to some antecedents. Instead of asking questions, they join two clauses; as
This is the garden where we would play.
She knows the time when the train arrives.
This is the reason why he left the city.
Comparison of Adverbs
Some Adverbs are compared like Adjectives. Adverbs of one syllable form their comparative by adding 'er' and their superlative by adding 'est' to their positive; as
Adverbs ending in `ly' form their comparative by adding 'more' and their superlatives by adding 'most' to the positive; as:
Pakistan won the Champion's Trophy frequently.
Pakistan won the Champions Trophy more frequently than India.
Some adverbs from their comparatives and superlatives irregularly.
Ali plays well.
Ali plays better than Aslam.
Hassan reads best of all.
Note:
Some words can be used as Adjectives as well as Adverbs.
Back, fast, quick, enough, deep, little, daily, best, only, early, fine, etc.
Position of Adverbs
An adverb should be placed at a proper position. A misplaced adverb distorts the meaning of a sentence.
1. An adverb is placed at the beginning of the sentence.
(i) When it qualifies the whole sentence; as
Unfortunately he missed the last chance.
Luckily we reached there at the eleventh hour.
(ii)When it is used for the sake of emphasis; as
Fast reached the news of his revolt.
(iii) When it introduces an exclamatory sentence; as
How bravely he fought!
What a wonderful exhibition!
2. Adverbs of manner which answer the question "How?" (quickly, carefully, calmly, fast, well, fully, etc.) are generally placed after the verb or after the objects as_
She sings well.
The patient is walking slowly.
It is raining heavily.
She does her work carefully.
He paid the fine calmly.
3. Adverbs of place (i.e. here, there, everywhere) are generally placed after the verb or after the object if there is one; as
He came here yesterday.
I placed my books there.
The father searched for his son everywhere.
He was looking up.
Get out.
4. Adverbs of time (i.e. now, then, yet, before, next, soon, late, etc.) are also placed after the verb or the object if there be; as
The train will arrive soon.
Why did you come late?
I have read this book before.
The meeting will take place next month.
5. Adverbs of frequency which answer the question 'How often' e.g. often, always, never, generally, usually are placed between the subject and the verb:
The teacher often advised him.
You always come late.
He never tells a lie.
6. The adverbs which modify a verb made up of an auxiliary verb and a principal verb are usually placed between the auxiliary verb and the principal verb; as
I have already posted the letter.
7. Adverbs generally precede need, dare, used to: as _
You never need ask him twice.
He never dares face him.
She often used to visit her parents.
Formation of Adverb:
(i) Adverbs usually are formed from Adjectives by adding 'ly' e.g.
OR
Adverb Kinds Examples
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb. It typically answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," or "to what extent."
There are several types of adverbs, including:
Manner adverbs
These adverbs indicate how an action is performed. Examples include: carefully, quickly, softly.
Time adverbs
These adverbs indicate when an action takes place. Examples include: now, never, yet.
Place adverbs
These adverbs indicate where an action takes place. Examples include: here, there, everywhere.
Frequency adverbs
These adverbs indicate how often an action takes place. Examples include: always, never, sometimes.
Degree adverbs
These adverbs indicate the extent or degree of an action. Examples include: very, too, quite.
Conjuctive adverb
These adverbs are used to connect two clauses or sentences. Examples include: however, therefore, nonetheless.
Interrogative adverb
These adverbs are used to ask questions. Examples include: where, when, how.
Exclamatory adverb
These adverbs are used to express strong emotion or surprise. Examples include: what, how, why.
Sure, here is more detail on the different types of adverbs:
Manner adverbs:
These adverbs indicate how an action is performed. Examples include: carefully (She walked carefully on the icy pavement), quickly (He quickly finished his homework), softly (She spoke softly so as not to wake the baby). Manner adverbs can be placed in different position in a sentence, but mostly it comes after the main verb or after the object.
Time adverbs:
These adverbs indicate when an action takes place. Examples include: now (I am doing it now), never (I never saw him again), yet (I haven't finished it yet). Time adverb can be placed at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence.
Place adverbs:
These adverbs indicate where an action takes place. Examples include: here (I am here), there (He is over there), everywhere (I looked everywhere for my keys). Place adverb mostly comes at the end of the sentence.
Frequency adverbs:
These adverbs indicate how often an action takes place. Examples include: always (I always wake up early), never (I never eat junk food), sometimes (I sometimes forget to turn off the lights). Frequency adverb mostly comes before the main verb.
Degree adverbs:
These adverbs indicate the extent or degree of an action. Examples include: very (I am very tired), too (He was too tired to continue), quite (I am quite sure of my answer). Degree adverb can be placed before or after the adjective or adverb it modifies.
Conjuctive adverb:
These adverbs are used to connect two clauses or sentences. Examples include: however (I wanted to go out, however, it was raining), therefore (I was late, therefore I missed the train), nonetheless (He was unwell, nonetheless he went to work). Conjuctive adverb mostly comes at the beginning of the sentence or between two independent clauses.
Interrogative adverb:
These adverbs are used to ask questions. Examples include: where (Where are you going?), when (When will you be back?), how (How did you do that?). Interrogative adverb mostly comes at the beginning of the sentence.
Exclamatory adverb:
These adverbs are used to express strong emotion or surprise. Examples include: what (What a beautiful day!), how (How could you do that?), why (Why did you do that?). Exclamatory adverb comes at the beginning of the sentence and is usually followed by a subject and an verb.
It's important to note that some words can function as different type of adverb in different context. For example, the word 'early' can function as an manner adverb (She arrived early) or a time adverb (I wake up early).
EXERCISE:
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given in brackets.
1 She walks ___ (slow, slowly)
2. He impressed us with his __ manners.(polite, politely)
3: The boy left the room____ (quite, quietly)
4. Please write____(clearly, clear)
5. Tea is_____ used in our country. (wide, widely)
6. She always speaks ____ (soft, softly).
7. The cuckoo sings ____ (sweetly, sweet)
8. He accepted my offer ____ (glad, gladly)
9. Akram went ___ to the principal. (directly, direct)
10. It is ____ a good story. (real, really)
11. He impressed us with his ___ work. (honest, honestly)
12. He is _____ to take his share. (quick, quickly)
13. It is a ____written letter. (bad, badly)
14. He is _____ prepared. (full, fully)
15. We played ____ match. (friendship, friendly)
16. Zain runs ____ (quick, quickly)
17, Behave others ____ (nice, nicely)
18. The weather is _____ (delightful, delightfully)
19. Blood is required ____(urgent, urgently)
20. His ___ talks bored us. (foolishly, foolish)
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